Planning matters

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Guidance, Guidance and More Guidance: A bibliography of the new London Plan Guidance
As we reported in this blog earlier in the year, the GLA has recently published a raft of London Plan Guidance (LPG) documents. These LPGs were published to provide guidance to the application of the London Plan policies. At the start of the year, eight LPGs were out for consultation and nine others were expected to come down the line during 2022. Lichfields provided a Bibliography of the new London Plan Guidance at the time (the original can be viewed below). We also undertook a detailed look at the suite of Design and Characterisation documents published in February in our blog 'A test of Character'.
As the year now comes to an end, we have again reviewed the status of the newly adopted and emerging LPGs, keeping you abreast of the documents that will be in play in the new year and key dates for your 2023 diaries:
2023 will see at least eight new LPGs adopted. Many are anticipated early in the new year, with several others to follow. All of these documents and the guidance within them will need to be considered and addressed in emerging developments and assessed within planning applications.
It is important to ensure that these guidance documents are considered early in the design development process and they are evidenced and addressed in pre-application discussions and applications. As our previous blog noted, there is considerable new guidance to take on board on top of the already-lengthy London Plan.
Lichfields continues to monitor the progress of these documents, ensuring we are able to advise on and respond effectively to the new requirements for all of our London projects. Keep an eye on our future blogs for further updates…
 
Adam Donovan
15 Mar 2022
 
February has seen the GLA publish a further suite of guidance documents in support of the London Plan.
You would be forgiven for having a sense of deja vu as in the past 18 months, the GLA has published no less than fifteen London Plan Guidance (LPG) documents for consultation. Nine of these LPGs have been published since the publication of the London Plan in March 2021. For a development plan which was already stretched to 526 pages (including annexes) that is a lot of additional guidance to take on board.
And that is not the end, it is understood that there are a further nine LPG documents which will be consulted on during this year. The tables below provide a list of these LPG and their current status.
Keeping up with the guidance documents is important for those working in the London development market and bringing forward planning applications. The detail contained within some of the LPGs are changing the requirements for planning applications and expanding the list of documents which applicants need to submit. Circular Economy Statements, fire safety and urban greening factors are issues which Officers are looking at in considerable detail. An applicant’s ability to respond effectively to these requirements is key to the progression of schemes through pre-application discussions, validation and determination. 
Some of the LPGs are targeted at developers and applicants whereas others are to support Local Planning Authorities in the preparation of their Local Plans and development management. Inevitably these documents will have an impact on the viability and feasibility of future schemes which will need to be carefully considered.
My blog - A test of character: London’s new design guidance - takes a detailed look at the suite of Design and Characterisation Guidance documents which were published in February and out for consultation until 27th March 2022.
Following the current consultation, we expect a further nine documents to be published before the end of the year.
Looking ahead, we will provide updates on the publication of future guidance and prepare blogs on each of the LPGs to help you navigate your way through the process.
 

Previous consultations

Current Consultations

Anticipated Future Consultations

Header image credit: Greater London Authority

 

 

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Levelling Up and Regeneration Bill progress
After its third reading in the Commons, the Levelling Up and Regeneration Bill (LURB) has now been introduced to the House of Lords. Following a rocky couple of months, in which a flurry of backbench rebellions – and a new Prime Minister – brought areas of the Bill into contention, it has come out the other side, 24 sections longer, but with the support of the first chamber. It is now left to the Lords – who are set to debate the LURB on the 17th January 2023 – to agree on it in before it becomes law.
The Bill’s second reading (passed in November) contained relatively few amendments, with the headline being an amendment which meant that the Infrastructure Levy could now be allowed to be spent on things other than the delivery of infrastructure.
However, against a different political backdrop, amendments in the third reading were greater in both number and importance as a wave of Conservative backbench rebellions left the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities in some difficult negotiations to keep the bill alive. Some standouts include:
 
  • Power afforded to the incumbent minister to repeal and revoke a wide range of statutes relating to planning, development, and compulsory purchase legislation.
     
  • Powers for LPAs to decline to determine applications in cases where it is shown the developer has a history of non-implementation.
     
  • New requirement for developers to provide local planning authorities with progress reports about the actual and projected delivery of new homes for each reporting period (annually until completion), on sites with residential planning permission.
     
  • Provisions to allow councils to benefit financially from land allocations through community land auctions, which allow landowners to grant a community land auction option for the land, with a view to the land being allocated in the local plan. The LPA may then either sell the option to a developer, exercise the option and sell the land, or exercise the option and develop the land themselves. In any case, the council can pass on the benefits provided by an uplift in the land’s value to support the local area.
     
  • An evolution of the street votes idea, which now gives communities power to grant planning permission through a street vote development order in an area, where the Secretary of State has made provisions to do so. Provisions would also allow SoS to direct a CIL charging authority to review their schedules in respect of CIL arising from a street vote development order.
     
  • New powers for LAs to require registration of short-term rental properties, prohibiting the promotion of a property for short-term rental if it is not registered.
     
  • Technical amendment to tighten what councils can consider to be granting planning permission for self-build and custom housebuilding, and as such how it is counted towards satisfying the demand, set out in the Self-Build and Custom Housebuilding Act 2015.
     
  • New requirement for water companies to upgrade sewage treatment works to unlock permissions in catchment areas affected by nutrient pollution.
 
Lichfields will continue to monitor the progress of the LURB and to consider its implications - and what they will mean for our clients. As it stands, the Bill appears likely to pass smoothly to Royal Assent in its current form. However, if the past few months have reminded us of anything, it is that even a week is a long time in politics.

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Net Zero – The Future of Education Buildings
Like most sectors of the UK’s economy, the Education sector is under pressure to act on climate change and contribute to meeting the Government’s target of net-zero emissions by 2050. Buildings play a fundamental role in the sector and despite the rise of remote learning during the pandemic, the need for school buildings, colleges and campuses remains.
A recent study by the World Green Building Council found that – perhaps unsurprisingly – a better, cleaner and greener learning environment leads to better performance from students.[1] Ensuring comfortable, safe working conditions for school staff and students, whilst future proofing education buildings should therefore be a top priority.

Decarbonisation of the Existing Stock

A key step towards achieving the 2050 target will be transitioning existing school buildings and estates, which often have poor energy ratings, into resilient, energy efficient and carbon-neutral properties. A net zero carbon building is one that is highly energy efficient and fully powered from on-site and/or off-site renewable energy sources. In the UK, schools and universities currently represent 36% of total UK public sector building emissions, mainly from heating, cooling and electricity use. It is estimated that Schools alone account for around 2% of UK greenhouse gas emissions[2], roughly the same as all the energy and transport emissions of Manchester, Newcastle and Bristol combined.
Decarbonisation of the current building stock is therefore essential. There are many ways to reduce the carbon footprint of education buildings, primarily through reductions in energy demand and usage which can be achieved through measures such as smart LED lighting systems or energy efficient roofing and insultation. Energy efficient measures are becoming increasingly important amid the ongoing gas crisis, with some schools reporting that their energy bills have risen by tens of thousands of pounds this year, putting pressure on already stretched school resources. Taking action on this will not only help towards net-zero emissions targets but will also free up budgets for educational spending. These initial measures can later be combined with other renewable alternatives, such as investing in heat pumps and solar panels, to further support the drive towards net zero.
Financial support for such measures is available from the Government for eligible buildings through the Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme (‘PSDS’). This gives central government and local authorities in England a major opportunity to decarbonise public sector non-domestic buildings. Eligible bodies can apply for funding for energy efficient projects and under this scheme, schools across England have received funding to install heating upgrades, solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, or insulation. As part of phase 3a of the PSDS (funding year 2022/23) many London Boroughs have won funding, such as LB Barnet who will received c. £6 million to decarbonise 20 primary schools and 2 secondary schools, alongside other educational institutions, such as the University of Greenwich, who have been awarded c. £1.1 million to installs ASHPs to five buildings at their Avery Hill Campus.[3]

Designing Schools for Net Zero

Whilst reducing operational energy and providing energy efficient solutions for existing school facilities is one step towards achieving net zero carbon buildings, many education facilities that are in place are no longer fit for purpose, will not contribute to hitting emissions targets, and must be replaced.
Schools will need to strive to be net zero from their new build projects in line with Government policy objectives. Earlier this year (April 2022), the Department of Education (‘DfE’) published it’s Sustainability and Climate Change strategy[4], which included the strategic aim of “adapting our education and care buildings and system to prepare for the effects of climate change”. In accordance with the strategy, all new school buildings delivered by the DfE will be net zero in operation. Designing new schools sustainably, focussing on low carbon design, is crucial for futureproofing, given the long lifespan schools and education buildings typically have.
The framework from the UK Green Building Council (April 2019) offers guidance for developers, owners and occupiers targeting the development of net zero carbon buildings, setting out key principles to follow and outlining how such a claim should be measured and evidenced. One established set of design criteria, which adopts ultra-low energy building standards, is Passivhaus design, described by the Passivhaus Trust as “a tried & tested solution that gives us a range of proven approaches to deliver net-zero-ready new and existing buildings optimised for a decarbonised grid and augmented for occupant health and wellbeing”. The Trust launched a campaign dedicated to the adoption of the Passivhaus Standard for educational buildings in 2020, which established how new academic buildings should be designed and constructed – alongside much-needed retrofits.
Currently there are 15 certified Passivhaus schools in the UK, with plenty in the pipeline. Architype, the UK’s leading Passivhaus, sustainable architect, has designed a number of these, including the Harris Academy in Sutton – the UK’s first Passivhaus secondary school and the largest Passivhaus school in the UK. Lichfields worked with Architype on the Sutton Academy and for the past few years on the Mulberry Academy, London Dock School, a new Passivhaus Secondary School and Sixth Form located on The Highway in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Construction of the Mulberry Academy is underway and on track for the school to open its doors at the start of the new academic year in September 2023. Architype’s innovative design uses Passivhaus technologies as well as creating considerable green space with extensive facilities for sports and leisure which will be open to the community. Rory Martin, Senior Architect at Architype explain the rationale for the design and its benefits for the borough:
“The new school for Tower Hamlets is not only an excellent example of ultra-low energy and carbon design through achieving Passivhaus accreditation but also for promoting student’s health and wellbeing in the borough. This means huge savings for the school and local authority in running costs which can be used on vital education requirements elsewhere. The Passivhaus design also delivers particular benefits for air quality, with fresh filtered air, creating a natural defence against the nearby traffic. The complex site challenges with an original dock wall and basement build on a busy road demonstrate that Passivhaus and low carbon design can be achieved on the most challenging of urban sites. This is vital in the race to net zero.”
 
In the context of rising energy costs, it is essential that education buildings are energy efficient so they can provide the best possible learning environments for young people, minimise operating costs and reduce carbon emissions. Passivhaus design is a proven and tested energy performance standard that fulfils the government’s aspirations. Lichfields has built an enviable track record assisting in the delivery of school projects and specifically Passivhaus education schemes. If you require advice on a similar project, please get in touch and we will be happy to help.
  

[1] https://www.worldgbc.org/news-media/new-report-shows-green-improvements-school-buildings-have-positive-impacts-student
[2] The Carbon Trust
[3] Phase 3a Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme: project summaries
[4] Sustainability and climate change: a strategy for the education and children’s services systems

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From Percy Pig to Flagship Stores: How Retailers are Finding New Ways to Attract Customers
Retailers are having to work harder than ever to remain relevant. The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated underlying trends in customer habits, most notably the growth in online shopping[1]. The pandemic has also led to home working becoming widespread across the UK.
Retailers have responded rapidly to changing shopping habits with many adopting an omni-channel approach to sales, using digital platforms to support their more traditional, high street offer[2]. More retail brands are emerging as online-only businesses, with the aim of providing the most convenient, hassle free experience for customers. A recent example is the growth of rapid grocery delivery brands within urban areas (such as Gorillas and Weezy), who compete to offer grocery deliveries within 10 minutes.

Image credit: @weezy.co.uk on Instagram

This poses an interesting dilemma. Why should people leave their homes and travel to shop in physical stores[3]? People now need to be enticed to leave their homes and shop in person. Retailers are having to take a more customer-centric approach to their in-store offer. So what are physical retailers doing to attract people?
Despite online shopping having reached an all-time high, a number of retailers are continuing to open new stores and, in some cases, new ‘flagship stores’, such as the M&S in Stevenage and Zara in Battersea.
Lichfields assisted M&S in securing planning permission for its new flagship store at Roaring Meg Retail Park in Stevenage which opened earlier this year. The store provides both food and non-food goods. It also incorporates new, innovative concepts and technologies, including a market-style foodhall with ‘fill your own’ stations, an optician, beauty department, large café and sleek external design (featuring a media board at the store’s entrance). A key feature for the store’s opening was a giant Percy Pig installation to attract customers.

Image Credit: M&S

Lichfields advised Wandsworth Council on retail and leisure facilities proposed within and adjacent to the Wilkinson Eyre designed transformation of the Battersea Power Station (BPS) building, which opened its doors to the public in October 2022. The development has proved very popular for international brands to experiment with new concepts and occupy large spaces. The new Zara flagship store (approx. 4,500 sqm) lies opposite the BPS building, fronting a new high street (Electric Boulevard), within the Frank Gehry designed Prospect Place building. It has a futuristic luxury department store interior, far removed from your typical high street clothing store. The Zara store also incorporates features to integrate the convenience of online shopping with ‘bricks and mortar’ retail, for example, allowing customers to pre-book fitting rooms and collect online orders in the space of two hours[4].

Image Credit: © Roger Cracknell 01 / classic / Alamy Stock Photo

The long-awaited opening of the Battersea Power Station saw more than a quarter of a million people visit during its opening weekend[5], suggesting that many people are still keen to visit to shop in person. M&S’s rooftop Percy installation also had the desired effect attracting customer interest, with the new store featuring in several local news outlets and being mentioned in a tweet by Liam Gallagher.

Image Credit: @liamgallagher on Twitter

Successful ‘shopping’ destinations provide an amalgamation of retail, leisure, food and beverage, and residential uses within repurposed, recreated and carefully curated places. 
Another example of such places, one without a flagship retail store and in a different part of the country, is Clearbell Capital’s Riverwalk redevelopment in the heart of Durham, for which Lichfields led on its planning. This scheme provides an exciting new leisure destination, including restaurants/cafes, bars, a cinema and a gym, along with supporting retail and student accommodation, creating a renewed sense of place within Durham City Centre.
Successful retail places are not just about new schemes. Retailers are also providing new or renewed benefits to customers to help attract and retain custom. Waitrose has brought back its popular free coffee for myWaitrose members who visit in-store. This time, customers have financial incentives to bring their own reusable cups. Most convenience retailers also provide ample electric vehicle charging facilities for members of the public. While electric vehicle charging provision is a planning policy requirement, the ability to charge your electric car while you shop in store is an attractive benefit for customers shopping in person. Forward planning by retailers could also assist customers in transitions to a more sustainable lifestyle, while encouraging them to shop in store.
While online shopping is forecast to rise again going forwards, retailers have benefitted from the easing of lockdown restrictions, with people returning back to shop in store[6]. As with many things post lockdown, people are wanting to get out of their homes to be in a more social environment. But they are more likely to be attracted to new and better shopping experiences that offer more than the speed and ease of purchasing online. The onus on retailers to go beyond their traditional retail offer will be even more important given the turbulent economic situation we find ourselves in.
Lichfields is experienced in assisting retailers, landlords, developers and public sector clients facilitate changes to traditional retail offers through the planning process. We are continuing to identify town centre and other retail and mixed use development opportunities. Please get in touch if you would like to discuss potential place opportunities or development projects.


[1] London's town centres: Retail mix of the future

[2] The next generation: The future of our town centres

[3] Attracting people back into town centres post Covid-19, Moorgath

[4] A Futuristic Zara Opens at Battersea Power Station in Londo, WWD

[5] MORE THAN A QUARTER OF A MILLION PEOPLE VISIT BATTERSEA POWER STATION DURING OPENING WEEKEND, Battersea Powerstation

[6] How our spending has changed since the end of coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions, ONS

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